SpringMVC《源码剖析》2. 域对象获取和源码
本文最后更新于 2023-09-16,文章内容可能已经过时。
SpringMVC《源码剖析》2. 域对象获取和源码
域对象共享数据
只要关闭浏览器 ,session 真的就消失了?
不对。对 session 来说,除非程序通知服务器删除一个 session,否则服务器会一直保留,程序一般都是在用户做 log off 的时候发个指令去删除 session。然而浏览器从来不会主动在关闭之前通知服务器它将要关闭,因此服务器根本不会有机会知道浏览器已经关闭,之所以会有这种错觉,是大部分 session 机制都使用会话 cookie 来保存 session id,而关闭浏览器后这个 session id 就消失了,再次连接服务器时也就无法找到原来的 session。
如果服务器设置的 cookie 被保存在硬盘上,或者使用某种手段改写浏览器发出的 HTTP 请求头,把原来的 session id 发送给服务器,则再次打开浏览器仍然能够打开原来的 session。 恰恰是由于关闭浏览器不会导致 session 被删除,迫使服务器为 session 设置了一个失效时间,当距离客户端上一次使用 session 的时间超过这个失效时间时,服务器就认为客户端已经停止了活动,才会把 session 删除以节省存储空间。
总结:
观点:错误
1.除非程序通知服务器删除session,程序一般都是在用户做 log off 的时候发个指令去删除 session
2.大部分 session 机制都使用会话 cookie 来保存 session id
3.服务器为 session 设置了一个失效时间,当距离客户端上一次使用 session 的时间超过这个失效时间时,服务器就认为客户端已经停止了活动,才会把 session 删除以节省存储空间。
1、使用ServletAPI向request域对象共享数据
@RequestMapping("/testServletAPI")
public String testServletAPI(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("testScope", "hello,servletAPI");
return "success";
}
2、使用ModelAndView向request域对象共享数据
这里我们如果方法返回ModelAndView,其实我们Thymeleaf视图解析需要获取字符串,然后前缀后缀拼接找对应位置静态资源然后渲染,所以返回这个,它需要能设置一个视图,这样DispatcherServlet解析视图给Thymeleaf就知道渲染哪个页面了。
@RequestMapping("/testModelAndView")
public ModelAndView testModelAndView(){
/**
* ModelAndView有Model和View的功能
* Model主要用于向请求域共享数据
* View主要用于设置视图,实现页面跳转
*/
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
//向请求域共享数据
mav.addObject("testScope", "hello,ModelAndView");
//设置视图,实现页面跳转
mav.setViewName("success");
return mav;
}
3、使用Model向request域对象共享数据
这里不管是Model,ModelMap,可以去看源码,还有通过构造方法,等办法直接设置ModelAndView属性
@RequestMapping("/testModel")
public String testModel(Model model){
model.addAttribute("testScope", "hello,Model");
return "success";
}
4、使用map向request域对象共享数据
@RequestMapping("/testMap")
public String testMap(Map<String, Object> map){
map.put("testScope", "hello,Map");
return "success";
}
5、使用ModelMap向request域对象共享数据
@RequestMapping("/testModelMap")
public String testModelMap(ModelMap modelMap){
modelMap.addAttribute("testScope", "hello,ModelMap");
return "success";
}
6、Model、ModelMap、Map的关系
Model、ModelMap、Map类型的参数其实本质上都是 BindingAwareModelMap 类型的。
Model是接口同时没有实现或继承任何类或接口,所以应该是springMVC中最底层的实现Model功能的接口。
而ModelMap是一个类,继承了LinkedHashMap,而LinkedHashMap必然继承了Map接口,他们本质都是靠实现类实现功能。
public interface Model{}
public class ModelMap extends LinkedHashMap<String, Object> {}
public class ExtendedModelMap extends ModelMap implements Model {}
public class BindingAwareModelMap extends ExtendedModelMap {}
这里强烈建议温习的时候可以进入22尚硅谷的的springMVC教程的P42,看一下扒源码环节,加深内功和底层理解。
复杂参数:
- Map
- Model(map、model里面的数据会被放在request的请求域 request.setAttribute)
- Errors/BindingResult
- RedirectAttributes( 重定向携带数据)
- ServletResponse(response)
- SessionStatus
- UriComponentsBuilder
- ServletUriComponentsBuilder
用例:
@GetMapping("/params")
public String testParam(Map<String,Object> map,
Model model,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response){
//下面三位都是可以给request域中放数据
map.put("hello","world666");
model.addAttribute("world","hello666");
request.setAttribute("message","HelloWorld");
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("c1","v1");
response.addCookie(cookie);
return "forward:/success";
}
@ResponseBody
@GetMapping("/success")
public Map success(@RequestAttribute(value = "msg",required = false) String msg,
@RequestAttribute(value = "code",required = false)Integer code,
HttpServletRequest request){
Object msg1 = request.getAttribute("msg");
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
Object hello = request.getAttribute("hello");//得出testParam方法赋予的值 world666
Object world = request.getAttribute("world");//得出testParam方法赋予的值 hello666
Object message = request.getAttribute("message");//得出testParam方法赋予的值 HelloWorld
map.put("reqMethod_msg",msg1);
map.put("annotation_msg",msg);
map.put("hello",hello);
map.put("world",world);
map.put("message",message);
return map;
}
Map<String,Object> map
Model model
HttpServletRequest request
上面三位都是可以给request域中放数据,用request.getAttribute()
获取
接下来我们看看,Map<String,Object> map
与Model model
用什么参数处理器。
Map<String,Object> map
参数用MapMethodProcessor
处理:
public class MapMethodProcessor implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver, HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.getParameterType()) &&
parameter.getParameterAnnotations().length == 0);
}
@Override
@Nullable
public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
Assert.state(mavContainer != null, "ModelAndViewContainer is required for model exposure");
return mavContainer.getModel();
}
...
}
mavContainer.getModel()
如下:
public class ModelAndViewContainer {
...
private final ModelMap defaultModel = new BindingAwareModelMap();
@Nullable
private ModelMap redirectModel;
...
public ModelMap getModel() {
if (useDefaultModel()) {
return this.defaultModel;
}
else {
if (this.redirectModel == null) {
this.redirectModel = new ModelMap();
}
return this.redirectModel;
}
}
private boolean useDefaultModel() {
return (!this.redirectModelScenario || (this.redirectModel == null && !this.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect));
}
...
}
Model model
用ModelMethodProcessor
处理:
public class ModelMethodProcessor implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver, HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return Model.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.getParameterType());
}
@Override
@Nullable
public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
Assert.state(mavContainer != null, "ModelAndViewContainer is required for model exposure");
return mavContainer.getModel();
}
...
}
return mavContainer.getModel();
这跟MapMethodProcessor
的一致
Model
也是另一种意义的Map
。
接下来看看Map<String,Object> map
与Model model
值是如何做到用request.getAttribute()
获取的。
众所周知,所有的数据都放在 ModelAndView 包含要去的页面地址View,还包含Model数据。
先看ModelAndView接下来是如何处理的?
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
...
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
...
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
...
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
//处理分发结果
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
...
}
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
...
// Did the handler return a view to render?
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
render(mv, request, response);
...
}
...
}
protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
View view;
String viewName = mv.getViewName();
if (viewName != null) {
// We need to resolve the view name.
view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() +
"' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
else {
// No need to lookup: the ModelAndView object contains the actual View object.
view = mv.getView();
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " +
"View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
...
}
}
在Debug模式下,view
属为InternalResourceView
类
public class InternalResourceView extends AbstractUrlBasedView {
@Override//该方法在AbstractView,AbstractUrlBasedView继承了AbstractView
public void render(@Nullable Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
Map<String, Object> mergedModel = createMergedOutputModel(model, request, response);
prepareResponse(request, response);
//看下一个方法实现
renderMergedOutputModel(mergedModel, getRequestToExpose(request), response);
}
@Override
protected void renderMergedOutputModel(
Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// Expose the model object as request attributes.
// 暴露模型作为请求域属性
exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);//<---重点
// Expose helpers as request attributes, if any.
exposeHelpers(request);
// Determine the path for the request dispatcher.
String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(request, response);
// Obtain a RequestDispatcher for the target resource (typically a JSP).
RequestDispatcher rd = getRequestDispatcher(request, dispatcherPath);
...
}
//该方法在AbstractView,AbstractUrlBasedView继承了AbstractView
protected void exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(Map<String, Object> model,
HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
model.forEach((name, value) -> {
if (value != null) {
request.setAttribute(name, value);
}
else {
request.removeAttribute(name);
}
});
}
}
exposeModelAsRequestAttributes
方法看出,Map<String,Object> map
,Model model
这两种类型数据可以给request域中放数据,用request.getAttribute()
获取。
7、请求处理-【源码分析】-自定义参数绑定原理
@RestController
public class ParameterTestController {
/**
* 数据绑定:页面提交的请求数据(GET、POST)都可以和对象属性进行绑定
* @param person
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/saveuser")
public Person saveuser(Person person){
return person;
}
}
/**
* 姓名: <input name="userName"/> <br/>
* 年龄: <input name="age"/> <br/>
* 生日: <input name="birth"/> <br/>
* 宠物姓名:<input name="pet.name"/><br/>
* 宠物年龄:<input name="pet.age"/>
*/
@Data
public class Person {
private String userName;
private Integer age;
private Date birth;
private Pet pet;
}
@Data
public class Pet {
private String name;
private String age;
}
封装过程用到ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor
先利用反射创建空实例attribute = createAttribute(name, parameter, binderFactory, webRequest);
内部用到web数据绑定器,将请求参数的值绑定到指定的JavaBean里面
public class ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor extends ModelAttributeMethodProcessor {
@Override//本方法在ModelAttributeMethodProcessor类,
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class) ||
(this.annotationNotRequired && !BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(parameter.getParameterType())));
}
@Override
@Nullable//本方法在ModelAttributeMethodProcessor类,
public final Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
...
String name = ModelFactory.getNameForParameter(parameter);
ModelAttribute ann = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class);
if (ann != null) {
mavContainer.setBinding(name, ann.binding());
}
Object attribute = null;
BindingResult bindingResult = null;
if (mavContainer.containsAttribute(name)) {
attribute = mavContainer.getModel().get(name);
}
else {
// Create attribute instance
try {
attribute = createAttribute(name, parameter, binderFactory, webRequest);
}
catch (BindException ex) {
...
}
}
if (bindingResult == null) {
// Bean property binding and validation;
// skipped in case of binding failure on construction.
WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name);
if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
if (!mavContainer.isBindingDisabled(name)) {
//web数据绑定器,将请求参数的值绑定到指定的JavaBean里面**
bindRequestParameters(binder, webRequest);
}
validateIfApplicable(binder, parameter);
if (binder.getBindingResult().hasErrors() && isBindExceptionRequired(binder, parameter)) {
throw new BindException(binder.getBindingResult());
}
}
// Value type adaptation, also covering java.util.Optional
if (!parameter.getParameterType().isInstance(attribute)) {
attribute = binder.convertIfNecessary(binder.getTarget(), parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
}
bindingResult = binder.getBindingResult();
}
// Add resolved attribute and BindingResult at the end of the model
Map<String, Object> bindingResultModel = bindingResult.getModel();
mavContainer.removeAttributes(bindingResultModel);
mavContainer.addAllAttributes(bindingResultModel);
return attribute;
}
}
WebDataBinder 利用它里面的 Converters 将请求数据转成指定的数据类型。再次封装到JavaBean中
在过程当中,用到GenericConversionService:在设置每一个值的时候,找它里面的所有converter那个可以将这个数据类型(request带来参数的字符串)转换到指定的类型
8、请求处理-【源码分析】-自定义Converter原理
未来我们可以给WebDataBinder里面放自己的Converter;
下面演示将字符串“啊猫,3”
转换成Pet
对象。
//1、WebMvcConfigurer定制化SpringMVC的功能
@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){
return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
@Override
public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
registry.addConverter(new Converter<String, Pet>() {
@Override
public Pet convert(String source) {
// 啊猫,3
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(source)){
Pet pet = new Pet();
String[] split = source.split(",");
pet.setName(split[0]);
pet.setAge(Integer.parseInt(split[1]));
return pet;
}
return null;
}
});
}
};
}
9、向session域共享数据
@RequestMapping("/testSession")
public String testSession(HttpSession session){
session.setAttribute("testSessionScope", "hello,session");
return "success";
}
这里推荐用原生的方式,其实springMVC还提供了一个@SessionAttribute的注解
@SessionAttribute 是 Spring 框架中的注解之一,用于将请求中的参数绑定到会话的属性上。通常情况下,我们可以将该注解用于控制器类或处理器方法上。使用该注解可以方便地在会话中存储和访问数据,从而实现数据的持久化。在使用该注解时,需要注意会话属性的生命周期,以免出现意外的数据问题。
10、向application域共享数据
@RequestMapping("/testApplication")
public String testApplication(HttpSession session){
ServletContext application = session.getServletContext();
application.setAttribute("testApplicationScope", "hello,application");
return "success";
}
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